Who developed vocational guidance in New York City schools in 1906?

• A. Eli Weaver
• B. Jesse Davis
• C. Frank Parsons
• D. Carl Rogers

Answer: (A)

In the early development of school guidance, the aim was to connect students’ interests and abilities with future work, bringing a practical support system into the classroom. In New York City in 1906, Eli Weaver is credited in some historical accounts as introducing one of the first formal vocational guidance efforts inside public schools, organizing counseling and job-related planning for students. This local initiative laid groundwork for structured guidance that others would expand upon, even though Frank Parsons later popularized and systematized vocational guidance on a wider scale in the following years. Parsons’ broader influence often gets highlighted, but Weaver’s 1906 NYC program represents a pioneering local effort that the exam recognizes as the start of organized vocational guidance in that setting. Davis and Rogers come from different contexts or eras (Davis in Denver-era school counseling, Rogers as a mid-20th-century psychologist), so they aren’t the sources associated with this specific early NYC development.