Who developed the rational emotive (cognitive) approach that emerged in the late 1950s and 1960s?

• A. Albert Ellis
• B. Albert Bandura
• C. Carl Rogers
• D. Fritz Perls

Answer: (A)

Rational emotive behavior therapy was developed by Albert Ellis in the late 1950s and 1960s. Ellis argued that emotional distress comes not from events themselves but from the beliefs we hold about those events. He introduced the idea that our thoughts shape our feelings and actions, encapsulated in the idea that irrational beliefs lead to unhealthy emotional outcomes. The therapy focuses on identifying and challenging these irrational beliefs and replacing them with more rational, flexible ones, using a framework often summarized as Activating event, Beliefs, and Consequences. This cognitive-behavioral approach emphasizes active disputing of illogical thinking and practical homework to foster healthier emotional responses.

The other theorists listed contributed to different therapies: Bandura is known for social cognitive theory and the importance of modeling and self-efficacy; Rogers developed client-centered, humanistic therapy centered on unconditional positive regard and the client’s self-directed growth; Perls is associated with Gestalt therapy, which emphasizes present awareness and integration. These paths differ from the development of the rational emotive approach.