Who developed one of the first guidance curricula in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1907?

• A. Eli Weaver
• B. Jesse Davis
• C. John Dewey
• D. Sigmund Freud

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is recognizing early pioneers who shaped school guidance as a formal part of the public-education system. Jesse Davis is identified as the figure who organized one of the first formal guidance curricula in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1907. His work treated guidance as an integral part of schooling—not just advice, but a structured set of activities and lessons that helped students understand their interests, strengths, and options for further education and careers. He also promoted training teachers to deliver these guidance activities, establishing a framework that other schools could follow. This move helped transform guidance from a scattered set of tips into a systematic, school-based program, laying groundwork for the professional field of school counseling that would develop more fully in the years to come. While John Dewey and Sigmund Freud made influential contributions to education and psychology, they are not associated with initiating Grand Rapids’ early guidance curriculum in 1907, and Eli Weaver is not the figure linked to this particular milestone.