Which of the following is NOT a step in Williamson's trait and factor theory?

• A. Education
• B. Analysis
• C. Synthesis
• D. Diagnosis

Answer: (A)

Williamson’s trait and factor theory works through a structured process to align a person’s traits with the requirements of occupations. The steps involve gathering information about the individual and the world of work, diagnosing how the person’s traits match or mismatch job demands, analyzing the relevant factors (such as abilities, interests, and values) and the job factors, and then synthesizing that information to arrive at a suitable career choice. The element of education isn’t part of this procedural sequence; it would refer to teaching or training the person, which the theory does not specify as a step in the decision-making process. Therefore, education is not a step in Williamson’s trait-and-factor approach, while analysis, synthesis, and diagnosis are.