Psychodynamic approaches include which therapies?

• A. Psychoanalysis, Jungian therapy, Adlerian therapy, and other related approaches.
• B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy only.
• C. Behavioral therapy only.
• D. Biomedical therapy only.

Answer: (A)

Psychodynamic approaches focus on how inner conflicts, early experiences, and unconscious motivations shape current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The classic form is psychoanalysis, which uses techniques like free association, dream analysis, and interpretation to bring unconscious material into awareness and resolve intrapsychic conflicts. Over time, other therapies grounded in this perspective—such as Jungian therapy (analytical psychology) and Adlerian therapy (individual psychology)—have continued to develop, emphasizing the enduring impact of past experiences and inner processes on present functioning. They share a emphasis on transference, defenses, and inner meaning as central to change.

The other modalities mentioned belong to different theoretical frameworks. Cognitive-behavioral therapy targets conscious thoughts and learned behaviors, often through structured skills and homework. Behavioral therapy focuses on observable actions and learning principles. Biomedical therapy relies on medical interventions like medications to affect brain function. While these can be integrated with psychodynamic work in practice, they are not psychodynamic approaches themselves.