In 1907, who developed one of the first guidance curricula focusing on moral and vocational guidance?

• A. Jesse Davis
• B. Frank Parsons
• C. G. Stanley Hall
• D. John Dewey

Answer: (A)

A strong grasp of early school guidance shows how the idea of guiding students morally and toward suitable work began to take shape in public schools. In 1907, Jesse B. Davis, a Nebraska school administrator, put this into practice by introducing one of the first organized guidance programs in the public schools. His approach treated guidance as a planned part of the curriculum, with regular activities and sessions aimed at helping students understand themselves, develop character, and think about future work. This was a concrete, classroom-based curriculum anchored in both moral development and practical vocational planning, making it a foundational milestone in the history of guidance.

Frank Parsons is also a key figure in the broader story of vocational guidance, especially for shaping the field and later formalizing guidance at a national level, but his most influential work followed Davis and moved beyond the initial 1907 Nebraska program. G. Stanley Hall and John Dewey contributed to education reform in other ways, but they did not initiate this early, structured guidance curriculum in 1907.